Ikea’s Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor Essay

IKEA is a Swedish company producing home furnishing products at low prices. The company was founded in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad and kept growing tremendously from 2 stores in 1964 to 114 stores in 1994. It’s very useful to mention the ikea’s vision that says â€Å"Creating a better life for the many people† for understanding the deep credo of saving cost among all the departments of IKEA, everything that IKEA does has the aim of reducing price to the customer. Besides its success stories, the company has faced environmental and social issues. The environmental issue of Formaldehyde was solved but sales dropped by 20% in Denmark. In 1992, the company got the same issue, which cost IKEA around $7 million. IKEA learned a lesson; publicity can bring a big loss in sales, not considering the damage to the brand image. In the spring of 1995, another film is threaten to be shown on German television about children working at looms at Rangan Exports, an Indian company used by IKEA, and the producer then invited IKEA to send someone to take part in a live discussion during the program. These events urged the company to consider environmental and social issues more seriously. It is very important to focus to the long term contract that IKEA establishes with its suppliers, in fact they promote â€Å"to develop long-term business partners†, and they also say â€Å"†¦ We are in this for the long run† always with the aim of reducing cost and creating a faithful relationship. On the process of globalization, IKEA needs to get the cheapest suppliers and therefore goes to countries that offer cheap labor. When IKEA set its suppliers in these countries, it could not avoid these problems. The fact that IKEA does not have its own manufacturing facilities; instead it uses subcontracted manufacturers all over the world for supplies makes it more complex and difficult to keep track of the company’s suppliers and subsuppliers (almost 2300 suppliers in 70 countries and a range of 11200 products). It is even more difficult to keep track of children working in homes where whole families worked on looms from the subsuppliers’ level. The best strategy is to avoid social and environmental issues right from the beginning as when these issues emerge, they immediately affect the products’ sales tremendously. To avoid this threat of loss in profit, IKEA may consider withdrawing from India. However, if IKEA withdraws from India market, it will lose a big opportunity of cheap labor and put the company at disadvantage position as other competitors accessing the same opportunities to compete for lower product prices. IKEA therefore should not look for a new business opportunity by leaving India but keep up with the trend and get ahead of the issue and its rivals. Some people may argue that if the company is actively involved with the issue, it may have a drop in profit compared to its competitors. The threat may be true in the short term also because of the clause of cancellation of the contract. However, IKEA can turn the threat into a big opportunity in the long term by actively involving and publicizing its achievement whit the website and display advertising in the stores to let customers appreciate the effort ,as done before with the forest issue. The strict partnership with all suppliers doesn’t permit IKEA to abandon one of his supplier when problems occur, the supply network will be scared from the behavior of the company when an help is needed; in fact IKEA says that â€Å"We do not buy from our suppliers. We buy unused production capacity† in this way we can observe that the suppliers depends from IKEA. To go or not to go to the show? If the show ensure IKEA the possibility of speaking freely and to defend itself, so to be able to speak and give further explanation of the problem, they should go; if the show doesn’t ensure any freedom of speaking and the show will be only a â€Å"public pillory†, IKEA should not go and do a press conference the day after, where it will explain deeply the press release and all the intention of IKEA for the future. For this complex situation, it is recommended that IKEA should join the program. The company had gained already some positive achievements to the child labor issue since the problem was first raised by Swedish television. IKEA could discuss the information it had collected so far from UNICEF, Swedish Save the Children and the ILO and show it had the same attitude as the director of the documentary film as well as reaching the same goals of deleting child labor. It could show its appreciation to the director for helping spot the child labor at the company’s manufacturer and emphasizing that the company is going to analyze the case more deeply. IKEA possibly mentions its spirit of not avoiding mistakes to search for creative solutions. Moreover with a carefully considered plan, participating in the television program would help save the brand and image. After the television program, IKEA needs to come up with a solution for the case and the long-term strategy to deal with child labor issue, and admitting that the clause of the contract was too strict, and it would be better to establish a plan (3-5 years) for the future with those countries. Barner should make a trip to Rangan Exports and investigate the case entirely and get in touch with the reality of the facts. All the children working there should be collected and offered education opportunities (Corporate Social Responsibility, Citizenship of the company). The company needs to create its own children budget to help children found working. By this way, IKEA could continue its relationship with its suppliers (most of them are in developing countries), calling for the cooperation from suppliers to allow IKEA’s professional random inspection. Working with Rugmark is another good option if IKEA can make sure the child labor problem is under control. Because IKEA does not have its own manufacturers and gets its supplies from other suppliers, it is challenging for IKEA’s ability to manage and control the whole production process. Unless IKEA can be sure that there’s no child labor in the company, it is encouraged to allow Rugmark to monitor the use of child labor on IKEA’s behalf. If IKEA follows the steps explained above, it will improve its level of social responsibility and sustainability. The company could advance itself to the even higher level, an interactive level, by executing more assertive and precise plans. The interactive level promises a long-term advantage in brand image and profit as done before with the â€Å"going green† program. As child labor is considered â€Å"Indian culture†, it requires a lot of time, energy and finance to make progress. The company needs to work tightly with UNICEF, NGOs, and Save the Children Alliance to learn from each other. In India, because of economic initiatives, families send children to work. Therefore, to help improve the situation, IKEA need to fund a budget in the need of education for those families. Besides, the company should lobby to coerce the government to get involved more actively in the process. In the long run, family income boosting plans need to be implemented to obtain a better standard living for Indian families as poverty is the root of the problem.

Iom Report Essay

In November of 2010, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) delivered a report, â€Å" The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health†. The report looked in depth about the role that nurses should play in a changing healthcare system. The report explains about changes in the health care system and how the nurses should play a role in this transformation. The transformation mainly focuses on three aspects : education, practice and leadership. Since the healthcare system is advancing every day, it requires the nurses to become more advanced to meet the demands of the healthcare. The impact of the IOM report on nursing education is very significant. According to the article, â€Å"The IOM Advocates for Higher Education†, The report contains three key messages related to nursing. Part 1 of this series looked at IOM recommendations for transforming nursing practice. The second key message put forth by the IOM’s report on the future of nursing says that, â€Å"nurses should achieve higher levels of education and training through an improved education system that promotes seamless academic progression† The IOM believes that nurses must go for higher levels of education in order to reach the demands of the healthcare system. According to the IOM, the main reason why a higher level of education is necessary for nurses is because since the hospital care is becoming more complex, nurses must be able to make critical decisions. Nurses should gain more knowledge about the public health, geriatrics, leadership skills, improvements within the system, research and the health policy. Due to changes made in nursing overtime, the need for more changes in nursing practice is becoming more and more crucial. As stated in the IOM report, â€Å"†¦the changing landscape of the health care system and the changing profile of the population require that the system undergo a fundamental shift to provide patient-centered care; deliver more primary as opposed to specialty care; deliver more care in the community rather than the acute care setting; provide seamless care; enable all health professionals to practice to the full extent of their education, training, and competencies; and foster interprofessional collaboration. Achieving such a shift will enable the health care system to provide higher-quality care, reduce errors, and increase safety. Providing care in this way and in these areas taps traditional strengths of the nursing profession† (IOM report, pg 86-87). Transforming nursing practice will be an advantage in the future. It will improve quality and promote health care. The major intention included in this transformation is to provide patient care in all aspects. The transformation mainly focuses on primary care. Nurse practitioners , physicians, and physicians assistants provide the most care in this area. â€Å"Primary care brings promotion and prevention, cure and care together in a safe, effective and socially productive way at the interface between the population and the health system. The features of health care that are essential in ensuring improved health and social outcomes are person-centeredness, comprehensiveness and integration, and continuity care, with a regular entry into the health system, so that it becomes possible to build an enduring relationship of trust between people and their health care providers† (World Health Organization (WHO) Annual Report 2008). From reading the report, I can understand how interdisciplinary partnerships are very significant in providing care in our health system. In the psychiatric unit where I work, we are involved in the daily socio-economic realities of our patient’s lives. We make sure at all the times that the patients are provided care and we pay close attention to their well being. The IOM’s report has made me realize the importance of obtaining leadership qualities. I will expand my practice and pursue more leadership roles in an interdisciplinary healthcare team. This report has also made me to commit myself to a lifelong learning process. I will pursue advanced education and seek for higher levels of training and education. The IOM report gives a great emphasis in the need for leadership and how it is a vital quality for the transformation. Key Message #3 challenges the nurses to display partnership with other physicians and health professionals in healthcare. As written in the IOM report, â€Å"Strong leadership is critical if the vision of a transformed health care system is to be realized. Yet not all nurses begin their career with thoughts of becoming a leader. The nursing profession must produce leaders throughout the health care system, from the bedside to the boardroom, who can serve as full partners with other health professionals and be accountable for their own contributions to delivering high-quality care while working collaboratively with leaders from other health professions†(IOM report, pg 221). Nurses should develop a style of leadership in which they have to work health and collaborate with others. The IOM report calls for nurses to become effective leaders and to apply their leadership skills in their practice of nursing. As leaders, nurses should be able to manage staff and work system in order to meet the needs of the patients. Nurses must be able to make decisions quickly, communicate effectively, and cooperate with other nurses in the team. The IOM report of 2010 explains a lot about the future of nursing. It states in the report that the nurses need more training and education, opportunities to assume leadership roles and to change their ways of practice to meet the demands of the changing health care system. The report tells us that nurses should explore more about the challenges and opportunities in the profession of nursing. Nurses should pursue higher education in order to give quality and safety care to the patients. The patient’s satisfaction is the most important factor in nursing practice.

African Americans and the Civil War Essay Example for Free (#2)

African Americans and the Civil War Essay African American (597) , African (466) , Civil War (178) , Martin Luther King (60) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints ? In the world we live in many people take a lot for granted. Just the small simple things people don’t really appreciate, being ungrateful for the things that have been given to them. Many people and different situations have paved the way for our generation to become much easier to live in. African Americans during the civil rights movement had to face a lot of trills in order to make the world a better place. Many people don’t appreciate that because they are unaware of just how much grief African Americans had to go though to create a path for the upcoming generation. African Americans faced many hardships during the civil rights movement, some of those hardships were segregation, voting rights, and assassination of prominent African American leaders. Segregation was such a big obstacle for African Americans because not only were they not allowed to go certain places it became bigger than that. Everything in African Americans lives were split in half. There were white only signs places all over there towns. White only signs for bathrooms, restaurants, and water fountains. Everything was separated between the two races blacks and whites. One event that really stuck out like a sore thumb was The Montgomery Bus Boycott. During, the time of segregation blacks were allowed to ride the buses, but many rules had to apply. Blacks had a black’s only section on the bus that could be moved in any location of the bus. That means that the blacks’ only sign could be moved in front of two rows on the bus if that’s what the bus driver wanted. Black riders had to pay their bus far on the front of the bus and get off to walk to the back of the bus to ride. Some bus drivers would allow the blacks to pay and when the step off the bus the bus driver would drive away and leave them. When blacks did receive a chance to ride on the bus, if a white person did not have a seat to sit in a black person had to give up their seat. The blacks of Montgomery, Alabama, decided that they would boycott the city buses until they could sit anywhere they wanted, instead of being relegated to the back when a white boarded. On December 1, 1955, Mrs. Rosa Parks, an African American seamstress, was arrested in Montgomery, Alabama for not standing and letting a white bus rider take her seat. The plan to stop the whites from making the blacks move was the boycott. Blacks would no longer ride the buses anymore. That means that the bus companies were losing a lot of money. Blacks would walk to work or school and even carpool, but would not step foot on the buses. The boycott continued for over a year. Eventually, the United States Supreme Court put an end to the boycott. On November 13, 1956 the Court declared that Alabama’s state and local laws requiring segregation on buses were illegal. On December 20th federal injunctions were served on city and bus company officials forcing them to follow the Supreme Court’s ruling. African Americans had to face a lot just so that they could be treated as an equal on the bus. Segregation played a huge role in the school system. In public schools more so than any. That’s what stated the big flare Brown vs. Board of Education. The 1954 United States Supreme Court decision in Oliver L. Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka (KS) is among the most significant judicial turning points in the development of our country. Originally led by Charles H. Houston, and later Thurgood Marshall and a formidable legal team, it dismantled the legal basis for racial segregation in schools and other public facilities. Brown vs. Board of Education was not simply about children and education. The laws and policies struck down by this court decision were products of the human tendencies to prejudge, discriminate against, and stereotype other people by their ethnic, religious, physical, or cultural characteristics. Ending this behavior as a legal practice caused far reaching social and ideological implications, which continue to be felt throughout our country. The Brown decision inspired and galvanized human rights struggles across the country and around the world. The U. S. Supreme Court decision in Brown began a critical chapter in the maturation of our democracy. It reaffirmed the sovereign power of the people of the United States in the protection of their natural rights from arbitrary limits and restrictions imposed by state and local governments. These rights are recognized in the Declaration of Independence and guaranteed by the U. S. Constitution. Brown was giving African Americans the opportunity to be accepted as an individual and not just as a race. Now, you would think that after the Brown vs. Board of Education whites would accept African Americans and treat them better. That was not the case and segregation did not stop there. Although, many people had hoped that it would it took the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to really make a change. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, and ended racial segregation in the United States. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public. Once the Act was implemented, its effects were far-reaching on the country as a whole and had an immediate impact on the South. It prohibited discrimination in public facilities, in government, and in employment, invalidating the Jim Crow laws in the southern U. S. It became illegal to compel segregation of the races in schools, housing, or hiring. After passage of the law, the NAACP was the only major civil rights organization to maintain a large membership in the South, where it concentrated on organizing the ongoing struggle for black civil rights. During 1965-75, the NAACP remained committed to using litigation to challenge racial injustice. African Americans had to fight hard to get what they deserved and it took a lot of patients and time to receive change but it finally happened. That is we segregation ended and Africans were free to sit, eat, talk, shop, and work anywhere they wanted. Being able to vote is a very important ordeal. Many people in this day and time take advantage of being able to voice their opinions. Not taking advantage of who we desire to have in office is a sign of being ungrateful. African Americans were not given that right years ago. African Americans had to fight just so that they could vote. That’s when the Voting Act of 1965 came in play. Before, this Act was enforced African Americans had to take a literacy tests and pay poll taxes. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 abolished literacy tests and poll taxes designed to disenfranchise African American voters, and gave the federal government the authority to take over voter registration in counties with a pattern of persistent discrimination. Echoing the language of the 15th Amendment, the Act prohibits states from imposing any â€Å"voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color. The Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, a Democrat, who had earlier signed the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law. Being able to vote was an honor and so many people don’t even both to go vote during the elections today. African Americans fought for the right to vote without having to take tests or pay poll taxes and people still don’t go out to vote. That is taking voting rights for granted. Being an African American during the civil rights movement was a challenge, but being an African American woman was even difficult. That’s when the period of women’s suffrage played its role. Women’s Suffrage is the right of women to vote and to run for office. The expression is also used for the economic and political reform movement aimed at extending these rights to women and without any restrictions or qualifications such as property ownership, payment of tax, or marital status. Being a woman in this time period restricted of many rights. Women’s suffrage has been granted at various times in various countries throughout the world, and in many countries it was granted before universal suffrage. Without women’s suffrage women would still be restricted to make decisions and just be limited to being mothers and wives. The women’s suffrage broke that cycle. The best way to leave a positive mark on the world is being a leader. It takes a lot of heart, courage, and sacrifice, in becoming a great leader. Leaders are persons that people look up to. They depend on a leader to give them hope to carry on and a positive role model to look up to. There were not too many people that wanted to take the position of being a leader, but a few chose to step up to the plate. African Americans needed kind and encouraging words to help uplift them during the civil rights movement. Two great leaders Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Melcolm X took on a job to lead the world into a better place called freedom. The two leaders gave African Americans hope to continue on when they wanted to just give up. African Americans depended on these two prominent leaders to strengthen them. African Americans during the civil rights movement needed to relay on someone and those leaders were the perfect ones. No one would have ever been ready for what was expected to come. For years African American have been told what they could and couldn’t do. They have been talked about, abused, lied on, and have had everything taken from them. But, still they have stayed strong through it all. When all they had were two great prominent leaders and they were taken from them as well they still stayed strong. Two great prominent leaders were assonated. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King Jr. was an American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement. He was best known for being an iconic figure in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolent methods following the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi. King was often presented as a heroic leader in the history of modern American liberalism. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, serving as its first president. King’s efforts led to the 1963 March on Washington, where King delivered his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. There, he expanded American values to include the vision of a color blind society, and established his reputation as one of the greatest orators in American history. But, as people have said â€Å"all things must come to an end. † At 6:01 p. m. on April 4, 1968, a shot rang out. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. , who had been standing on the balcony of his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, TN, lay sprawled on the balcony’s floor. A gaping wound covered a large portion of his jaw and neck. A great man who had spent thirteen years of his life dedicating himself to nonviolent protest had been felled by a sniper’s bullet. African Americans and the Civil War. (2016, Dec 21).

The Implementation Of The Localism Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

The Implementation Of The Localism Act - Essay Example In the United Kingdom, there is a remarkably high demand for social housing. Local authorities have had long waiting lists for individuals who intend to have access to social housing.2 Many individuals considered for social housing are those with a high vulnerability to becoming homeless. Therefore, the local authorities conduct reviews of all applicants and identify the situations of applicants that qualify them for accommodation.3 For many years, social housing has served to prevent homelessness in the United Kingdom. The introduction of the Localism Act allows local authority property owners to define new terms of fixed tenancies. Fixed tenancies offer the flexibility that defines the private rented sector.4 Opponents of the Localism Act have argued that the law will bring about positive changes, motivating individuals to take in for social housing to work hard and become homeowners. On the other hand, there are increasing critics who do not support the Localism Act, highlighting that it may present more cases of homelessness as well as anxieties and uncertainties of expiring fixed tenancies.5 This paper will critically analyse parliaments move to diminish the security of tenure of local authority tenants to the level provided by the privately rented sector. The emergence of social housing in the United Kingdom was a venture towards helping workers to upgrade from poor quality private rented homes to the remarkable housing at cheaper rates. Social housing began in the early 1970s, and it has exhibited remarkable growth to play a critical role in low-income families.6 The shift from providing accommodation to workers to a needs-based approach seeks to reduce homelessness. In 2014, social housing accounted for about 17% and 24% of the residential areas in England and Scotland respectively.

How do we train volunteers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

How do we train volunteers - Essay Example Much of the actual learning will occur on the job, as the individual works with more experienced members that will correspondingly show them how to carry out the tasks. Motivation is also a recognized concern, as the individuals are unpaid. In this way it will be the responsibility of administrators to continually remind the volunteers of how they appreciate the job they are doing. Volunteers generally involve themselves in such activities out of a desire to contribute and make a difference. It is then important to continually remind the volunteers that they are appreciated and are making a difference. Another important motivating factor will be to give the volunteers regular breaks and supply them with general amenities. The recognition is that if volunteers are required to work without breaks they will become discontent with the activities and their productivity will decline. Volunteers then will be regularly given things such as water and Gatorade. Additionally they will be given breaks where they can socialize with other volunteers and enjoy their experience together. Ultimately, these training and motivation steps will contribute to an active and productive volunteer

Case study #1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

#1 - Case Study Example Basing on the company’s experience and an interview with one of the workers at the customer service center of Nike Inc, the paper examines the process of customer service within the company. Creation of strong brand equity has over the past four decades become major strengths for the enterprise. The structure and emphasis within the business ensure that the customer get the concept of the idea behind the brand and want to have a connection with the name. After identifying the importance of customer experience, the company is making major steps towards the creation of a competitive advantage. It is believed that seventy percent of purchasing trends and purchasing experiences among customers are a result of clients feeling regarding their treatment. The availability of strong competing brands like Addidas and Puma has led to the realization of the importance of handling customer experience within the company. Since customers are aware of the availability of strong brands competing with Nike, they enjoy the luxury of demanding better services and better treatment while their complaints are being resolved. Because customer brand experience directly correlates with the exper ience enjoyed by the client, ensuring an existence of authentic customer engagements before and after completion of a sale is essential (Frisch, 2009). The approach needs requires a personal commitment with the client throughout the period to ensure any needs or requirements of the client are handled. As Nike company operations involves engaging in direct contact with customers, the company emphasizes on the importance of customer interaction through these processes throughout its retailers worldwide. The organization has consequently created loyalty programs among customers to ensure continuous interactions with customers that in return lead to the development of customer experience. The company’s

PepsiCo Inc. Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

PepsiCo Inc. Case Study - Essay Example Pepsi is popular as many people identify with it. Customer’s lifestyles change regularly, and the company should understand consumer characteristics to facilitate construction of integrative communication message(Fill, 2009). All beverage companies struggle to convince the same consumers to purchase their products. For instance, the Coke studio currently running has little to do with drinks but popularizing Coke brand. Again, associating with critical events, such as world cup, increased the brand value of Coke. Pepsi should come up with new ways of appraising its brand and popularize its products. In short, marketing communication tools and design are essential for brand appraisal. Pepsi faces Coca-Cola as its main rival in the beverage market since they both enjoy global presence. However, Coca-Cola is always ahead in sales and market share. Some of the critical challenges that Pepsi faces include stiff competition both locally and internationally, relatively low market penetration, and weak brand. Therefore, the company marketing strategies should aim at solving the above shortcomings to allow it gain new markets. Possible marketing strategies are identifying market differentiation points, applying effective marketing communication initiatives, and increasing its promotional activities. With sizable investment portfolio and relatively strong brand, Pepsi can shake beverage market remarkably. Above all, agility and diversity in marketing aspects are the best way to retain existing customers and gain others.

Write a Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Write a Constitution - Essay Example The first area of consideration is the means of introducing laws. All group members will be given the chance to propose new laws or regulations at the meetings. This is similar to the United States system that allows Congressmen to introduce laws ("How a bill," 2012). In terms of repealing laws, individuals also have the option of introducing measures to repeal laws or regulations that had previously been passed. Once a law has been introduced by one of the group members there will then be a discussion about the specific law. Proponents and opponents of the law will be given a chance to speak about the reasons they support and don’t support it. After these discussions have taken place group members will be given a chance to vote on whether the law should be passed or rejected. Through majority vote the law will either be passed or denied. All members of the creative writing student organization will be treated as intellectual equals. This is an idea adopted from the United States Constitution ("Constitution of the," 2012). This, however, does not extend to decision-making power and group responsibilities. In these regards, the club will be divided through officer positions. There will be a President of the club that is responsible for organizing the meetings and setting the specific agenda for the day. The Secretary of the club will be responsible for taking notes about the meetings and reciting these notes at the new meetings. The Treasurer of the club will be responsible for financial matters, most notably those that involve the club’s literary magazine. Finally, all general members or officers of the club will be able to introduce ideas or general concepts to the specific project the group is focusing on. The emphasis on intellectual equality is a major consideration within the group. Many organized group e nvironments form and allow a select number of voices to dominate the discussion. Rather than allowing such forms of group dominance, the

Entrepreneur Project I Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Entrepreneur Project I - Research Paper Example blindness and deafness); they may also suffer from several mental disorders. In addition, some of the aged may not have people to effectively take care of them as some may be living alone, either because they were not married or did not have enough savings to buy or build a house after retirement. This necessitates the need for the creation of several programs, which will specifically target the aged and ensure that the quality of the life that they lead is not compromised by the fact that they are aged. Entrepreneurs and businesses should therefore look for ways to take advantage of the situation in order to get financial benefits. For instance, different products can be devised which will mainly target the aged in the community. One such product is the establishment of a paid up aged care; this facility will be able to provide the aged with the services necessary for the improvement of the quality of their lives. Moreover, the services provided will specifically target the old and will therefore incorporate different requirements that the aged need. Due to the fact that the business targets only a specific demographic sector, the business must effectively know how to deal with the uncertainties or future changes in the demographic fraction of the population. America currently has the highest number of the aged population in history. This aged population is expected to reach about 80 million as the baby boomers start reaching the retirement age (Cress 2007 p 211). In addition, this population needs specialized care and hence providing ready demand for the company’s services. Florida has a population of about 18 million; of this population, 17.2 percent are aged above 65 years. This is far much higher than the national average of 12.9 (US censors bureau 2009). However, even though the statistics of the aged appear to be large, only a small fraction of the population is fully capable of settling their

Business management work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business management work - Essay Example Economic recessions and periods of growth are noticeable and instantaneous demonstration of change, which have a direct consequence on the experience of employees, households as well as work organizations, and would be drawn upon in any elucidation of actual events. Though, fluctuations in the economy, significant though they are, have to be renowned from fundamental trends which might cause pressures towards a more basic reshaping of social institutions. Here we would categorize a series of associated developments which have frequently been discussed under the general rubric of a supposed transition from 'Fordism' to 'post-Fordism'; i.e., a shift from the predominance of economies driven by manufacturing industries characterized by a mass, somewhat homogeneous, semi-skilled workforce, towards economies dominated by employment in services, linked with a more heterogeneous, fragmented workforce. These 'ideal-typical' production systems have their organizational associates. Large-scale productive activities were escorted by bureaucratic systems of personnel administration and steady organizational careers. The growth of flexible production systems, it is argued, has been escorted by organizational 'delayering' and the turning down of the long-term, single organization, career. The move to service employment ca... For instance, in Britain, employment in services has grown from fifty-three per cent of total employment in 1971, to seventy-three per cent in 1993. Developments in technology have been of substantial importance in facilitating flexible systems of production and work organization in services, which by their very nature frequently have to be accessible outside the 'standard hours' linked with the 'standard worker'. In addition the product of service work the service needs the exercise of different qualities and skills, often of an interpersonal nature compared with those linked with manual and low-level work in manufacturing industry. The coming out of new occupations, and the restructuring of old occupations and skills, has produced new problems of control, classification and regulation. During an industrial era (in the West) dominated by large-scale manufacturing industry, the regulatory systems which emerged leaned to be dominated by those established in the leading industries, even though there were, certainly, noteworthy cross-national variations in this regard. 'Fordism' and the supremacy of manual trade unions have as well been associated to Keynesian economic strategies of demand management and other forms of macroeconomic intervention. In Britain, the Conservative government has since 1979 rejected such efforts to regulate the economy, and has been committed to a fundamental market philosophy, endorsing increased labour market flexibility. Therefore succeeding Conservative governments have hunted to remove or privatize welfare protections and regulatory institutions, to rouse the market for labour and skills by dropping rates of income tax at the upper levels, as well as to shift the balance between direct and indirect

The Dangers of Genetically Modified Foods Essay Example for Free

The Dangers of Genetically Modified Foods Essay Despite the recent surge in media coverage regarding genetically modified foods (GM foods) many Americans are unaware of what these foods are, or the possible benefits and dangers associated with them. Sometimes referred to as agricultural biotechnology; genetic modifying means that the DNA of food has been altered in some way at a cellular level. Scientists have learned that by inserting the genetic information from one organism into another they can create food crops that grow larger, stay fresh longer and are equipped with their own pesticides. GM foods have been a common part of the national diet since the early 90s. As with many scientific advances; e. g. , using chemo therapy to treat cancer, or underwater oil drilling, there have been unexpected, negative side effects. Genetically modified foods are not the super-food they claim to be. Until further research has been done to verify their safety, and prove they do not pose a threat to human health, the environment, and agricultural bio-diversity the use of GM foods should be banned or drastically limited in the United States. Human Health Many opponents to GM foods have raised concerns regarding the vast potential for these crops to cause allergic reactions in humans. A medical investigation done in India in 2005 determined that hundreds of agricultural workers developed allergies after being exposed to genetically modified cotton that contained Bacillus thuringensis (bt) toxins (Saunders, Ho, Cummins, 2007). Bt toxins are common biological pesticides that can be found in products like Roundup; a popular brand of household weed killer. Monsanto, the makers of Roundup, is also currently the world leader in GM food production. Similar research in parts of China and Africa also found a significant increase in the number of allergic reactions reported by agricultural works (Saunders, Ho, Cummins, 2007). The Journal of Hematology Thromboembolic Diseases published the results of study done on rodents that yielded frightening results. It was determined that there was a significant detrimental effect to the liver and kidneys of rats fed a strictly GM maize diet. The negative effects were caused by the mutagenic properties of genetically altered foods and the presence of Bt toxins transferred to and detected in the blood of the animals. The study concluded that before these foods can be considered safe for human consumption there will need to be longer studies completed on the effects of the toxins (Mezzomo, Miranda-Vilela, Freire, Barbosa, Portiho, 2013). Bt toxins, which have also been found in crops of soy and corn, are added to crops in hopes of reducing pests like weeds without the use of external combatants. The Environment The toxins produced by GM crops are not only dangerous to humans; they can be harmful to the environment as well. One pledge listed on Monsanto’s website states â€Å"We will use sound and innovative science and thoughtful and effective stewardship to deliver high-quality products that are beneficial to our customers and to the environment† (Monsanto, 2013). Many people have questioned the truthfulness of this promise. Prior to the wide-spread use of GM crops, there were multiple concerns regarding the over-use of chemical pesticides applied through sprays. Consumers have been told that by genetically altering the foods so they can produce their own pesticides there would be a vast reduction in the need for sprayed chemicals. Recent studies have shown that this is not the case. A 2007 survey of farmers who grew maize, soy, and other pesticide tolerant crops showed an increase of 383 million pounds more pesticide used than they would have required with non-tolerant seeds. The use of herbicides rose 31. 4% from 2007 to 2008 on GM crops. It was shown that as the weeds become increasingly tolerant to common pesticides like Bt toxins there will be increased need for external chemical pesticides (Budinger, 2013). Washington State University researcher, Charles Benbrook, likened the overuse Bt toxins to the overuse of antibiotics to treat common infections and stated that Its very much the same dynamic in play. By genetically altering corn, soybeans, and cotton so they can be sprayed throughout the growing season, farmers are now spraying their fields three times a season. Naturally as the weeds grow more tolerant they pass that trait to next generation, creating what is commonly referred to as a â€Å"super-weed† (Koebler, 2013). Roundup is a glyphosate-based herbicide used in many GM crops. The makers of Roundup have long reported that this is a safe alternative to chemical pesticides. Although this type of herbicide may be more desirable than its purely chemical rivals there are still environmental factors that must be considered. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has stated that glyphosate has been proven to be deadly to earthworms. The decreased number of earthworms has resulted in a significant decrease of the bird populations in many areas where GM crops are grown (USDA, 2013). There has been no ruling against the use of Bt toxins in the United States however the French court has over-ruled Monsanto’s claims that there are no harmful effects to humans or the environment in 2009 (Marshall, 2013). Threats to Agricultural Biodiversity Concerns have also been raised by scientists and environmentalists regarding unintended effects of Bt toxins on non-targeted animals and insects. If the weeds can grow tolerant of the pesticides, it is logical to believe that insect pests may develop a resistance as well. This will cause there to be a spike in the pest insect population causing and imbalance in their relationship to preying animals (John Innes Centre, 2013). The most alarming effects of pesticides are related to the recent phenomenon of disappearing bees known as Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). This, however, is not related to Bt toxins; it is believed to be caused by neonicotinoids, a class of neuro-active insecticides produced by Bayer, the second world leader in GM crop production. A study done by The Harvard School of Public Health was able to recreate CCD by introducing neonicotinoids to four bee colonies. The study showed that bees exposed to high amount of neonicotinoids perished quickly, however the colonies exposed to small amounts over a period of four months also eventually succumbed to CCD. Alex Lu, an associate professor of environmental exposure biology in the Department of Environmental Health led the study and stated â€Å"â€Å"The significance of bees to agriculture cannot be underestimated, and it apparently doesn’t take much of the pesticide to affect the bees. Our experiment included pesticide amounts below what is normally present in the environment† (Chensheng Lu, Kenneth M. Warchol, Richard A. Callahan. 2012). False Promises It is arguable that GM food manufacturers could not anticipate such harmful effects on humans and the environment and therefore we can view their statements regarding health and safety as non-malicious, however, there have also been false claims made by Monsanto that make it extremely difficult for the consumers to have faith in their practices. A Monsanto-trained scientist, Dr. Florence Wambugu, claimed that the sweet potatoes grown on a test farm in Africa showed a higher yield that of the non-modified variety grown on the same farm. This caused many proponents of GM foods to claim that international cultivation of these crops will solve our world hunger problems by creating a sustainable food source. It was later discovered that the claims made by Wambugu were untrue and, in fact, the GM sweet potatoes died out much sooner than the naturally grown counter-part. A similar study done in Uganda has also shown that non-GM sweet potatoes produce higher yield. Multiple unsuccessful studies were done on gm sweet potatoes spanning a 12-year period and costing over $6 million (The Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Packaging at San Jose State University, 2013). The World Bank and four United Nations agencies completed a study in 2008 and concluded that GM crops are not the solution for creating a sustainable food source. The study found that the sustainability of these crops is unreliable and whereas the yield was higher in some areas, it was significantly lower in others. The study also showed that organic and near organic farming had a much higher success rate in Africa where there is an emergent need for more food. (Vazakas, Arvanitoyannis, Baltas, 2007) There has been a limited amount of research done to prove the efficacy and safety of GM foods and despite claims that they are not safe for human consumption, they are becoming increasingly harder for Americans to avoid. Since the introduction of GM food there has been a substantial increase in the number of food allergies reported each year in the United States (Will Genetically Engineered Foods Cause Allergic Reactions?, 2006) . The World Health Organization has concluded that further research and monitoring of public health records will need to done before a conclusive answer can be reached (World Health Organization, 2013). It is imperative that the American people educate themselves on the negative side effects of GM foods and put a halt to the practices of GM food giants like Monsanto and Bayer. References Budinger, M. (2013). Whoops! The Legacy of Genetically Engineered Food. Retrieved from http://arizonaadvancedmedicine.com/articles/genetically_engineered_food. html Chensheng Lu, Kenneth M. Warchol, Richard A. Callahan. In situ replication of honey bee colony collapse disorder. Bulletin of Insectology. 2012. John Innes Centre. (2013, May). Impact of growing GM crops on biodiversity. Retrieved from http://www. jic. ac. uk/corporate/about/publications/gm-debate/gm-impact-on-biodiversity. htm Koebler, J. (2013, June). Herbicide-Resistant Super Weeds Increasingly Plaguing Farmers. Retrieved from http://www. usnews.com/news/articles/2012/10/19/herbicide-resistant-super-weeds-increasingly-plaguing-farmers Marshall, E. (2013). European Ruling Curbs Monsantos Claims on GM Crops. Retrieved from http://news. sciencemag. org/scienceinsider/2010/07/european-ruling-curbs-monsantos. html? rss=1 Mezzomo, B. P. , Miranda-Vilela, A. L. , Freire, I. S. , Barbosa, L. P. , Portiho, F. A. (2013). Hematotoxicity of Bacillus Thuringiensis. Journal of Hematology Thromboembolic Diseases, 1(1), 1-9. Monsanto. (2013). monsanto. com. Retrieved from http://www. monsanto.com/newsviews/Pages/Issues-and-Answers. aspx Saunders, P. , Ho, M. , Cummins, J. (2007, March). GM Food Nightmare Unfolding in the Regulatory Sham. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. , 19(2), 66-77. The Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Packaging at San Jose State University. (2013). Harvest of Fear. Retrieved from http://www. nufs. sjsu. edu/clariebh/Harvest%20of%20Fear. html USDA. (2013). Draft Environmental Impact Statment November 2009. Retrieved from http://www. aphis. usda. gov/biotechnology/downloads/alfalfa/gealfalfa_deis.pdf Vazakas, T. H. , Arvanitoyannis, I. S. , Baltas, H. (2007, October). The Polotics and Science behind GMO Acceptance. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 47(4), 335-61. Will Genetically Engineered Foods Cause Allergic Reactions? (2006, October 5). American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Retrieved from http://www. asbmb. org/ World Health Organization. (2013). Evaluation of Allergenicity of Genetically Modified Foods. Retrieved from http://www. who. int/foodsafety/publications/biotech/en/ec_jan2001. pdf.

Aristotle view on politics Essay Example for Free

Aristotle view on politics Essay Political science studies the tasks of the politician or statesman (politikos), in much the way that medical science concerns the work of the physician (see Politics IV. 1). It is, in fact, the body of knowledge that such practitioners, if truly expert, will also wield in pursuing their tasks. The most important task for the politician is, in the role of lawgiver (nomothetes), to frame the appropriate constitution for the city-state. This involves enduring laws, customs, and institutions (including a system of moral education) for the citizens. Once the constitution is in place, the politician needs to take the appropriate measures to maintain it, to introduce reforms when he finds them necessary, and to prevent developments which might subvert the political system. This is the province of legislative science, which Aristotle regards as more important than politics as exercised in everyday political activity such as the passing of decrees (see EN VI. 8). Aristotle frequently compares the politician to a craftsman. The analogy is imprecise because politics, in the strict sense of legislative science, is a form of practical knowledge, while a craft like architecture or medicine is a form of productive knowledge. However, the comparison is valid to the extent that the politician produces, operates, maintains a legal system according to universal principles (EN VI. 8 and X. 9). In order to appreciate this analogy it is helpful to observe that Aristotle explains the production of an artifact in terms of four causes: the material, formal, efficient, and final causes (Phys.II. 3 and Met. A. 2). For example, clay (material cause) is molded into a vase shape (formal cause) by a potter (efficient or moving cause) so that it can contain liquid (final cause). (For discussion of the four causes see the entry on Aristotles physics. ) One can also explain the existence of the city-state in terms of the four causes. It is a kind of community (koinonia), that is, a collection of parts having some functions and interests in common (Pol. II. 1. 1261a18, III. 1. 1275b20). Hence, it is made up of parts, which Aristotle describes in various ways in different contexts: as households, or economic classes (e. g. , the rich and the poor), or demes (i. e. , local political units). But, ultimately, the city-state is composed of individual citizens (see III. 1. 1274a38–41), who, along with natural resources, are the â€Å"material† or â€Å"equipment† out of which the city-state is fashioned (see VII. 14. 1325b38-41). The formal cause of the city-state is its constitution (politeia). Aristotle defines the constitution as â€Å"a certain ordering of the inhabitants of the city-state† (III. 1. 1274b32-41). He also speaks of the constitution of a community as â€Å"the form of the compound† and argues that whether the community is the same over time depends on whether it has the same constitution (III. 3. 1276b1–11). The constitution is not a written document, but an immanent organizing principle, analogous to the soul of an organism. Hence, the constitution is also â€Å"the way of life† of the citizens (IV. 11.1295a40-b1, VII. 8. 1328b1-2). Here the citizens are that minority of the resident population who possess full political rights (III. 1. 1275b17–20). The existence of the city-state also requires an efficient cause, namely, its ruler. On Aristotles view, a community of any sort can possess order only if it has a ruling element or authority. This ruling principle is defined by the constitution, which sets criteria for political offices, particularly the sovereign office (III. 6. 1278b8–10; cf. IV. 1. 1289a15–18). However, on a deeper level, there must be an efficient cause to explain why a city-state acquires its constitution in the first place. Aristotle states that â€Å"the person who first established [the city-state] is the cause of very great benefits† (I. 2. 1253a30–1). This person was evidently the lawgiver (nomothetes), someone like Solon of Athens or Lycurgus of Sparta, who founded the constitution. Aristotle compares the lawgiver, or the politician more generally, to a craftsman (demiourgos) like a weaver or shipbuilder, who fashions material into a finished product (II.12. 1273b32–3, VII. 4. 1325b40–1365a5). The notion of final cause dominates Aristotles Politics from the opening lines: Since we see that every city-state is a sort of community and that every community is established for the sake of some good (for everyone does everything for the sake of what they believe to be good), it is clear that every community aims at some good, and the community which has the most authority of all and includes all the others aims highest, that is, at the good with the most authority. This is what is called the city-state or political community. [I. 1. 1252a1–7] Soon after, he states that the city-state comes into being for the sake of life but exists for the sake of the good life (2. 1252b29–30). The theme that the good life or happiness is the proper end of the city-state recurs throughout the Politics (III. 6. 1278b17-24, 9. 1280b39; VII. 2. 1325a7–10). To sum up, the city-state is a hylomorphic (i. e., matter-form) compound of a particular population (i. e. , citizen-body) in a given territory (material cause) and a constitution (formal cause). The constitution itself is fashioned by the lawgiver and is governed by politicians, who are like craftsmen (efficient cause), and the constitution defines the aim of the city-state (final cause, IV. 1. 1289a17–18). For a further discussion of this topic, see the following supplementary document:

Strategic Management of Information Systems

Strategic Management of Information Systems A literature review of the strategic use of information systems/technology in the modern business environment To run a successful business in this modern day, todays management teams need to combine business skills along with a substantial understanding of information systems and the opportunities and benefits that this knowledge of information systems brings to a business. Understanding the basic concepts is a necessity for organisations in the world of business today. Understanding what Information system suits your organisation along with being able to develop and manage an efficient business information system is a huge advantage for an organisation. (Pearlson Saunders) Information systems are part of almost every aspect of business. (Pearlson Saunders). Everyone involved in the management of a business need to understand how business and information systems function and operate together. (Pearlson Saunders) Very often, it is evident that managers claim ignorance of IS issues without losing prominence among their peers. This doesnt tend to happen regarding other functions of the business such as marketing or finance, as a lack of knowledge in these areas would earn colleagues contempt. Business managers have no issue in participating in most company decisions been those that are outside their regular expertise, IS seems to be the one exception. This approach amongst business managers have been traceable to the historic role that IS has obtained in businesses. In the past technology was thought of as an administrative overhead and treated a support. It was not valued as a factor in significant management decisions. Todays environment is extremely different as if that view was present in organizations it would cost them market share and could lead to the failure of an organization as that is how critical IS systems are to organizations now. (Pearlson Saunders) employing information systems strategically to achieve organisational goals. Taking a problem-solving approach, Business Information Systems looks at information systems theory within the context of the most recent business and technological advances. (Pearlson Saunders) Information systems can be the combination of technology, people and the process that an organisation uses to create and manage information (Saunders, 2013). Most the issues organisations experience and face in the modern business world are either triggered by IT or are a ramification of it. Information systems are continuously on the carping path of a business change programme (Feeny, 2000). Organizations need to optimally can use IS and information resources to influence competitive forces. With the realisation of this it has become apparent that the strategic management of IS has never been more critical to a businesss success (Peppard, 2010 and 2001). It is important for Information systems in organisations to be treated as a critical strategic resource, although this is not always the case and can be where organizations weaken themselves. It is the key enabler of organisational change, it is essential for businesses to be able to change with the economy and the environment in to days business world that is constantly evolving. An issue in organizations gaining competitive advantage by using IS is the lack of participation by managers in IS decisions. IS is a tool business managers can use to fight challenges from competitors, it can facilitate or constrain opportunities and possible new strategies for businesses. It is evident that understanding the basic concepts about using and managing information systems is valuable and worth investing the time in. The knowledge gap the lack of understanding among executive management of the nature and role of IS within an organisation, which is often exacerbated by the prevalence of technology orientated language unknown outside of the IS domain (Stephens 1993). The issue of these symptoms of disconnect then prevail into many consequences thus in the failure of the information systems operation to build a common vision of information systems throughout the organisation. This can also be from senior managements failing to engage with the information strategy during the development. (jones, 1995) A significant issue with Information systems is that it is generally considered as a cost rather than a strategic asset. Organisations suffer because they find difficulties in transforming good ideas into action. The creation of silo projects across the organisation that are not integrated into an overall corporate strategy (Kaarst-Brown 2005). IS is a useful tool to fight competitive challenges. Competition arises from both anticipated and unanticipated areas, which is why general managers tend to be in the best position to be able to identify a developing threat and can apply IS effectively to fight or handle ever changing competitive challenges. (Pearlson Saunders). General managers often are involved in demonstrating and comparing how their systems, technology programmes and products compare to their competition. An understanding of IS and how it integrates and supports the competitive view for the business. (Pearlson Saunders) Businesses have had to redesign existing business models that they had in place with the customer pull and power of social media. Businesses must account and adapt to the constant growing and changing social media outlets. Social media facilitates the ever-powerful voice of consumers, and businesses goals along with understanding the proficiency of the company can create a competitive advantage and change the businesses mustnt make the mistake in not listening. Businesses are constantly looking for ways to redesign the customer experience, customers interactions with the business are the focus of many managers with IS enabling and enhancing the interaction between the organization and the customer. Using social IT facilitates new and sometimes more rooted relationships with customers while attracting the social demographic of customers. Business are learning how to integrate and leverage these aspects into their business models and how to construct new business models that facilitate these variables. IS strategy Triangle The information systems strategy triangle relates the business strategy of an organization with IS strategy and organizational strategy. This triangle suggests that successfully organizations have an overriding business strategy that influences both the organizational strategy and IS strategy. Successful organizations have the three strategies well balanced. Strategically designing the organization strategy and the IS strategy of a company to correlate their business strategy. IS strategy can impact and be impacted by changes in organizations business and organizational strategies. Each attribute on the triangle can impact and be impacted by the other two. In the scenario of a firms business strategy being designed in such a way that it uses IS to gain strategic advantage, it will mean that the authority position in IS could only be supported by continued innovation. The three strategies must constantly be adjusted. (Pearlson Saunders) IS strategy always having consequences so it is crucial to consider the business and organizational strategies when designing IS formation. Organizations will only reach success if each aspects of the triangle are specifically tailored. (Pearlson Saunders) Porters Generic Strategies Framework       Michael Porter identified three primary strategies for achieving competitive advantage and sustaining competitive advantage. (Pearlson Saunders) The issue with Porters model and the variants is that the rate of change is not as easily managed and sustained anymore. Organizations sell their goods/services in a highly competitive marketplace, Porters framework aids managers in understanding their choice of strategy and how it enables them to achieve advantage. Porters Value Chain a process view of the organization The value chain draws on how information systems add value to the fundamental movements of an organizations internal operations and supporting that and of its customers and the other attributes of its supply chain. Information resources can be recognised as assets or capabilities. information Resources can be identified as technology, data, people and the processed that exist in an organization. Analysis and findings Higher levels of management and CEOs that manage the management teams continue to condone disregard in this area relative to other business functions. Some consequences of the lack of collusion between the two are; the overspending on underperforming projects, Miss-alignment of resources, Misalignment of functional areas and organisational systems, Ongoing failure of IS for the organisation, organizations goal under-achieved, Organisation is susceptible to the competitive environment and risk of company failure. These are some of the consequences businesses are allowing themselves to become susceptible to by not closing the Gap and integrating the two. An organisation needs to have valuable and rare resources acquired that they can leverage to ensure a superior resource position to enable them to attain competitive advantage. A valuable resource is a resource that allows a firm to operate more efficiently or effectively. It becomes a rare resource when other organizations dont possess it and it is unique to a specific organization. Being able to have a rare resource optimizes the possibilities of success for an organization and provides opportunity in market share. For example, customers expect banks to have ATMs in a vast amount of convenient locations, nowadays a bank wouldnt consider operating without having ATMs swell, therefore this is not a rare resource and do not offer a competitive advantage. (Pearlson Saunders) A lot of organizations that invested in information systems were naÃÆ' ¯ve in thinking that once they obtained a competitive advantage that they would maintain it long term. To sustain an organizations competitive advantage long term there needs to be constant innovation and the organization needs to protect itself against resource imitation, substitution, or transfer. (Pearlson Saunders) Often when companies within an industry imitate other companys successful systems, this often happens with logistic models within a companys supply chain. The self-scan self-service checkouts in supermarkets was at first a novelty and a competitive advantage for one, but then imitations were vastly created by many supermarkets making them become almost an expectation in the eyes of the customer. When competitors build similar systems, organizations lose advantages they may have attained from there is and competition within an industry driven by forces that had existed before the new technology. (Pearlson Saunders) Social IT platforms are now the most rampant evolution of applications, processes and strategic opportunities in a new evolution for organizations striving to adapt there is strategies for their internal and external circumstances. Managers invest a lot of time trying to control and monitor elements that can influence their organizations competitive environment, to ensure they are aware of all elements they must strategically look at it from different views. Three views can enable a manager to align IS strategy with the business strategy. The use of Porters five competitive forces to interpret the influences of the organizations competitive environment, along with the ability to alter the five forces to boost the firms status. The value chain to judge the operations internally and links in its supply chain. The value chain of the organization should then be assessed to decipher the opportunities available for an organization to gain competitive advantage. Finally focusing on the specific IS resources required to gain and sustain competitive advantage for the organization. The three views combined allow a manager a variance of perspectives hat it can identify strategic opportunities to apply to an organizations information resources. (Pearlson Saunders) Risks of information resources in gaining advantage When IS are used as the route to bolster advantage against an organizations competitor, management should be aware of the risks the organization may face. These risks can arise as demonstrating bad timing, customers are often not ready to use updated technology. Awakening a sleeping giant, implementing an IS can lead to encouraging a competitor with a broader scope and bigger advantage to implement the same with enhanced features and end up gaining the advantage instead of you. Implementing IS poorly, failing IS that had potential but results in being below par followed through and poorly implemented. These would usually be quite complex global systems. Failing to deliver what the user wants, systems that dont meet the needs or the target market are susceptible to fail. These are just some of the risks an organization takes when using this approach and it is crucial for them to be cautious when implanting IS strategies. Technology has become entwined with all the standard functions of organizations. IT is a critical resource for modern day businesses as it both supports and absorbs an important amount of an organizations resources. Similarly, the other three dominant types of business resources, people money and machines, it needs to be managed carefully Michael Porters Five Competitive Forces model presents a framework for discussing strategic advantage, and his Value Chain model explains calculated methods for businesses to how they can network processes to build strategic alliances. a companys overall business strategy will drive all other strategies. IS links into all aspects of a business, IS is very much the foundation of a lot of supply chain models and is strongly linked into a companys supply chain system. IT spends a major portion of corporate budgets therefore it is sensible that organizations safeguard it is being optimally used within company strategies to bolster their competitive adva ntage. As discussed there are many attributes in the process that IS is used by organizations to gain competitive advantage within its industry market. References   Ã‚   Anonymous [online], Available from: . Bocij, P., Greasley, A. and Hickie, S. (2015) Business Information Systems: Technology, Development and Management for the e-Business , 5th Ed: Pearson education. Boddy, D., Boonstra, A. and Kennedy, G. (2008) Managing Information Systems Strategy and Organisation, third edition Ed: Pearson education. Brian Dempsey. Lecture Notes [online], Available from: . Dempsey, B. Lecture Notes [online], Available from: . Keri E. Pearlson, Carol S. Saunders Strategic Management of Information Systems, fifth edition Ed: John Wiley Sons Inc. McNurlin, B.C. and Sprague, R.H.J. Information Systems Management in Practice, seventh Ed: prentice hall. Robson, W. (1997) Strategic Management Information Systems, second edition Ed: Pearson education limited. Institute of Technology, Blanchardstown Department of Business I declare that the work I/We am(are) submitting for assessment by the Institute examiner(s) is entirely my(our) own work, except where the author or source has been duly referenced and attributed. I/We confirm that this material has not been previously submitted for a degree or any other qualification at ITB or any at other institution. I/We further confirm that I/We have read and understood the Institute policy on plagiarism in assignments and examinations (3AS08.doc) and that I/We am/are not, so far as I/We am/are aware, in breach of any of these regulations. Name : Lauren Holland Student ID : B00059572 Course : Bachelor of Business studies Module : Strategic management of Information systems Signed : Date : 23/03/17

Impact of Dean on Sals Identity in Jack Kerouac’s On The Road Essay

The Impact of Dean on Sal's Identity  in  On the Road On The Road begins with the protagonist, Sal, (representative of author Jack Kerouac), being overwhelmed by feelings of confusion and uncertainty regarding his personal identity. He then meets ‘Dean Moriarty’, an eccentric character who rejects societal values and ‘norms’. Sal is absorbed with and entranced by Dean, perceiving him as almost ‘superhuman’, and decides to follow him across the country. A passive character, Sal soon becomes dependent on Dean, mimicking his friend rather than discovering his personal identity. It is likely that such behaviour was greatly influenced by events that occurred in Jack Kerouac’s childhood . Eventually, Sal realises that if he is to be independent, he must no longer blindly follow others, but discover himself. Sal is presented at first as a passive character, someone who has shaped his identity by depending on others to influence him. His morals and val... ...n what he has discovered about himself. ‘Sal set out to experience the world. What he ended up finding, was himself’ (Honan 1987:ix). Bibliography Charters, Ann. 1973. Kerouac: A Biography, Warner Communications Company, New York. Honan, Simon, 1987. The Beat Generation,   Allen and Unwin Publishing, New York. Kerouac, Jack. 1976. On the Road. Penguin, New York. Tytell, John. 1976. Naked Angels: the Lives and Literature of the Beat Generation. McGraw-Hill, New York.

together :: essays research papers

Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations (Robbins, p.9). Organizational behavior helps build better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objective and social objective. Robbins, S. P. (2000). Organizational Behavior. Ninth Edition. Organizational Culture Organizational culture is something intangible, but can influences our work environments. In the workplace we can refer organizational culture as combination of its policies, beliefs, activities, and rituals. An organizational culture can support or hinder individual learning, encourage or discourage creativity, etc. Diversity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diversity is everywhere in the United States. Individuals need to understand the dimensions of culture to be effective in the multicultural environments. To achieve business excellence, corporate decisions must be based on a wide range of contributions from people with diversity in idea, backgrounds and perspectives. The various cultures in the workplace today bring richness to the environment, as the exposure to various cultures and even beyond racial and ethical differences allow people to view ideas from various perspectives to grow as a people and a corporation. Communication Communication is defined as the process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior. Communication is also a technique for expressing idea effectively. A well-established communication can strengthen a group’s collective intelligence, as well as finding insights in which people often miss through traditional forms of conversation. Organizational Effectiveness and Efficiency Organizational effectiveness and efficiency http://www.politicalreviewnet.com/polrev/reviews/PUAR/R_0033_3352_001_20620.asp Organizational Learning The field of organizational learning explores ways to make organizations function more effectively by encourages employees to teach their full potential.

Leadership Essay -- essays research papers

Twelve O’Clock High Introduction to the paper’s subject, and primary objectives: General information regarding the topic of this paper:  The purpose of this paper is to identify and contrast the different styles of leadership exhibited by two characters found in the 1949 movie Twelve O’Clock High starring Gregory Peck as General Savage, Army Air Forces general. Based on a true story, Twelve O’Clock High is a inspirational account of the highly dangerous precision daylight bombing missions carried out by US Army Air Force’s 918th Bomber Group in England during the last part of World War II. In the beginning of the movie the squadron is commanded by general Davenport. It is very clear that General Davenport’s main concern is the wellbeing of his men. He obviously had developed close interpersonal relationships. The men of the squadron were completely devoted towards Davenport and they trusted any decision that he would make. General Davenport’s affection for his men comes to interfere with his ability to lead them. The squadron suffers heavy losses to planes and heavier losses to soldiers. One instance that clearly demonstrates Davenport’s incapability to uphold his responsibilities as the leader is when he jeopardizes the well being of the entire squadron by ignoring protocol and flying out of formation in the attempt to save one plane. When it becomes apparent to Davenport’s superiors that his emotional feelings have become an obstacle to his effectively leading the squadron they relieve him. General Savage who is ordered to take over the underachieving bomber group experiencing heavy losses because of poor technique and lack of focus. Savage takes a kind of tough love approach, holding his men to the highest standards. Savage makes the point that the ultimate objection of the squadron is to successfully complete the assigned missions. Throughout the movie Savage constantly makes it absolutely clear to the squadron that no one individual’s wellbeing will be placed ahead of the entire team and the success of the team. Initially the changing of the preceding General dispirits the squadron. They felt that General Savage was uncompassionate considering the men as nothing more then numbers that were dispensable at his convenience. After several missions that were marked by a remarkable turnaround in success the man eventually come... ...rganization this movie offers a very concrete example for people in authority to follow. It can also be applied in situations where there has been a recent change in authority. According to the book leaders that have recently entered a position of authority should be more task specific in the way they interact with employees. This will clear up some of the ambiguity associated with the needs of the new leader to the employees. Reasons why Savage succeeded where Davenport failed: Differences in primary motivation: Davenport was primarily motivation was the establishing and maintaining of close interpersonal relationships with his followers. While Savage, on the other hand, was primarily motivated by task accomplishment. As in this type of situation Savage’s style is more effective. However, even though Davenport failed in this situation I feel that his leadership style has the potential to be highly successful in an environment that are more favorable. In this example Savage was faced with a crises. In periods of crisis leaders identify problems and implement solutions tend to be the most effective. Clearly Savage does a better job of making his expectations clear.

Lords of Discipline Essay

A novel based on his own military experience at â€Å"The Citadel†, Pat Conroy’s The Lords of Discipline takes place at the South Carolina Military Institute (a fictitious military school). Like most military schools throughout the United States, â€Å"The Institute† prides itself on its ability to transform â€Å"douche bags† to â€Å"whole men†. The authoritative figures responsible for this transformation are the cadre (upper classman), carriers of the ring (alumni), and General Durrell (the president of the institute). Similar to the supremacist nature of the city of Charleston, â€Å"The Institute† also has an illustrious history of rejecting many. The honor of wearing the ring, the ring being a symbol of graduation, does not come easy and for some does not come at all. Whether it is the dark skinned Pearce, the pants pissing Bobby Bentley, or even Dante Pignetti some cadets are simply not allowed to graduate from the school. No matter how intelligent, strong, or determined some students are forced to leave the institute in order to keep the reputation of the institute strong. Will McLean, an Irish Roman Catholic and the novel’s protagonist, did not belong at the institute. However, because of his status on the basketball team, like most other athletes, he was overlooked by the system allowing him to experience the institute with no real danger of expulsion. Will noticed, through his experience in the plebe system and curiosity for â€Å"Then Ten†, that this school was wrong. Will realized that the rules inside the Gates of Legrand were different from the rest of the United Sates. Will McLean along with his roommates, Mark and Pig, rebelled against the institute, disagreeing with its illegality and abuse of selected students. As in most military schools, a system is put in place, to insure desired results. For â€Å"The Institute† there is three stages to achieving the desired result of becoming a whole man: Plebe Year (freshman year), the cadre (upperclassman), and wearing the ring (graduating from the University). During a cadet’s plebe year at the institute their mind, body, and personality are all completely destroyed. The cadet is stripped of his ndividualism and is turned into clay ball for molding. The cadre, for the most part, is responsible for the initiation to the institute. They, being the upperclassman, are assigned by the General to pick out the weak and unworthy and run them out of the institute. Whether, they give the unworthy individual extra thrashings, sweat parties, or emotional abuse the cadre almost always succeeds in the removal of such selected subjects. However, as long as a cadet does not have any disgraceful qualities, such as crying, food allergies, dark skin tone, or limited bladder control, â€Å"The Institute† will allow him to graduation. As long as one isolates the institute from the rest of the world, submit to all of its requests and necessities, and fight to protect its honor (even if that means going against one’s own morals) he will graduate form the South Carolina Military Institute. Will McLean, tolerated submission to the institute, the physical effort, and everything else the institute asked. However, Will would not abandon his moral compass, by physically abusing and emotionally destroying 18-year-old boys and he says this at the end of his plebe year â€Å"I Will not be like them. I will not be like them. I shall bear witness against them† (Conroy 232) Although, the brutality of the cadre was more than formidable, the institute often faced a strong willed individual that they could not break. For example Bobby Bentley, the pants pissing extraordinaire, refused to leave the institute and when Pig asked him why said â€Å"I had made up my mind that no one in the world was going to run me out of that school. I had made a vow to myself just like you guys must have done during the year sometime. † (Conroy 407). Although Bobby Bentley was receiving the very worst that the cadre had to offer, he was never going to leave the school. With the pride of the Institute at stake and the reputation of the cadre on the line, the institute needed a guaranteed dismissal from the unbreakable boy. â€Å"The Ten† designed by the institute in generations past, was designed to remove any problem student from the school no matter what. After Bentley’s mysterious departure Willy says, according to legend, â€Å"No one could survive the attention of The Ten† (Conroy 192). This is where the institute crosses the line. As if the viciousness of the plebe system is not enough, â€Å"The Ten† breaks the law. The Ten† is un-American and against the very foundations on which America was established. This is what makes Will rebel; this is what made him betray â€Å"The Institute†. Will assembled a group of friends to neutralize his shortcomings. Will, lacking physical strength and Charleston status, selected two meatheads (Mark Santoro and Dante Pignetti) and a legacy at the school and the city of Charleston (Tradd St. Croix). Although this seems like an irresponsible perverted way of selecting friends, this group of â€Å"paisans† had an inseparable bond. Subsequently, after Will was assigned to protect Pearce (the schools first African American student) his roommates became heavily involved. Although seemingly Will had everything under control, the involvement of â€Å"The Ten†, coerced his roommates to intercede. Throughout the final 200 pages of The Lords of Discipline, Will, Mark, and Pig step further and further outside of the boundaries of respectable cadet behavior. They kidnapping of Molligen, they witnessing â€Å"The Ten† torturing a student, and they were planning to confront the General. These men were in way over their head. Although the system of this military institute is brutal, inappropriate, and even illegal it does, in fact, produce â€Å"whole men†. Honesty, honor, discipline, strength, loyalty, and brotherhood are all facets at the heart of â€Å"The Institutes† curriculum. These characteristics were instilled into the hearts and minds of the â€Å"paisans†. These characteristics are what inspire Mark, Pig, and Will to fight â€Å"The Institute†. They knew that they were extremely outnumbered and even outwitted, but believed that their bond, their brotherhood could withstand anything. As Pig says after physically dismantling Cain Gilbreth â€Å"The Ten† â€Å"We stick together like brothers and go on secret mission for her majesty. We have adventures and great times. That was the most fun I’ve ever had out there on the beach with you boys† (Conroy 442). Ultimately, neither the â€Å"paisans† nor the South Carolina Military Institute won. Pearce, Will and Mark all graduated, much to the chagrin of â€Å"The Institute† and Pig died. Pig’s death is a example of a consequence to rebellion. Although Pig, committed suicide, it was â€Å"The Institute† that killed him. By expelling him from the school, â€Å"The Institute† destroyed Pig’s goals, passion, marriage, and life. By having the characteristics of a â€Å"whole man†, Pig would have rather killed himself than submit himself to dishonor. Although, Will had information, credible information, along with first hand sources, to ruin â€Å"The institute† he didn’t. While speaking to Tradd, in regards to why he can no longer say Pig’s name Will says â€Å"I can’t say it, I can’t say it because the Institute is that strong within me. It is in me so deep I’ll never get it out, Tradd. It is strong† (Conroy 550). The South Carolina Military Institute was responsible for the death of Will’s best friend, the humiliation of himself, and the terrorization of many plebes before him, but Will still wanted to wear the ring. Will still wanted to graduate. Without a doubt, The South Carolina Military Institute was wrong. Their treatment of students were not only morally unacceptable, but illegal. Had the United States Government received information about Pearce’s torture or even the way plebes were treated General Durrell would have been imprisoned and â€Å"The Institute† dismantled.

Halting the wheels of hope Essay

The concept of governmental tyranny is often difficult to grasp to those living in more democratic nations, and media output and literature become key in growing to understand it’s implications. Serving to heighten this political perspective is â€Å"The Wheels of Freedom: Bicycles in China† by Fred Strebeigh, which describes China’s bicycle ban in 1989 and subsequent protests in Tiananmen Square, Beijing. The bicycle provided significant growth and freedom within Chinese culture, and Strebeigh endeavors to communicate this to readers. Illustrating this, he defends the will of the people to preserve their right to ride them in the face of government opposition, and the tragedy imposed by political oppression. Upon the bicycle’s introduction to the people of China in the early 20th century, many looked to it through eyes of bewilderment. A fascinating and not yet popularized machine, it was most commonly ridden by members of affluent societies. As it’s newness wore off, however, it slowly became available those of the more humble classes, and in place of the word â€Å"bicycle†, the term â€Å"foreign horse† found it’s use in the minds and mouths of the masses. Strebeigh includes that the term â€Å"foreign† communicated the people’s feelings of admiration for the bicycle while alluding to the fact that it was modern. The peasantry of China found themselves with the deepest sense of admiration for the â€Å"foreign horse†. To them, the thought of owning one brought to mind the ease it could bring to their everyday lives, as they often carried burdensome loads on their backs. Yet, the low supply and thus high cost of the bicycle made it’s acquisition impractical for them. In response to the desire, the government later began regulating higher production rates of the bicycle to readily supply them to the impoverished and raise morale. However, the term â€Å"foreign horse† was banned in light of it’s glorification of another nation’s ingenuity, highlighting the extremes of the Chinese government to exercise their sovereign of the people. In it’s place, the name â€Å"self-running cart†. This served to express the government sentiment that the people could have what they wanted, but only at it’somplete jurisdiction. The people tolerated the name change of their beloved bicycles, as the trade-off of name for it’s widespread distribution was easy enough, and many still used it’s original moniker in private. Following it’s popularization, the lives of many saw an enrichment in quality. The dignity of the people improved, as it granted them new freedoms and eased the stress of everyday tasks, al lowing for flourishing business and connectedness within communities. Perhaps stated best, Strebeigh wrote of it’s wide use, â€Å"Everywhere, cycles kept life rolling† (Strebeigh). In addition to heightening the commerce of societies, it introduced the occupation of bicycle repair, which Stebeigh revered as perhaps the â€Å"freest† job in China. In it’s praise, he wrote, â€Å"A hard worker needed only a street corner and a few tools. Before his eyes bikes would inevitably break down and, if he was skilled, clients would multiply. Bicycle repair seemed to offer an extension of what the bike itself offered and what so many Chinese sought: modest dignity, new choices, ample freedom. † (Strebeigh). Bike repair was a choice outside of the typical, and entirely pursued as an individual pleased. Sadly, it was the bicycles issuance of dignity, choices, and freedom that that ultimately inflicted threat upon the Chinese government. They understood that with bike ownership, the people were growing to a height of advantage. It was their supposition that, if the people continued in such a fashion, government control perhaps had the potential to become menial. To ensure that their ultimate authority was not being overlooked, a ban was placed on bicycles within China. News of this did not come amicably to the people, and their response was protest. It was Tianenmen Square in Bejing which saw the organization of a large-scale demonstration which rallied for government reform. It lasted weeks, and ended upon the mobilization of troops to the area. Their invasion was destructive and resulted in the loss of many lives as troops initiated the use of tanks and weaponry to control the people. In media coverage, it was not the bloodied bodies of victims that were aired on television screens in Chinese homes, but rather the depiction of bicycles which had been crushed by the military. Of it, Strebeigh writes, â€Å"They wanted to show crushed dignity, crushed humanity, crushed freedom–so much that the bicycle means in China. † (Strebeigh). This image was a wise devise of the government. They knew what the bicycle represented to the people, and knew that to show it destroyed would communicate their dominance and triumph. The concept of tyrannical rule and its implied bleakness are often incomprehensible, or altogether unrecognized by the people of more democratic countries given their many freedoms. With the words of Fred Strebeigh, however, perspective expands. The honor of an object as seemingly simple as a bicycle becomes worthy of defense, even dying for, and the tragedy of oppressive rule becomes very real. Works Cited

The Zodiac Killer

The Zodiac was very real villain, and no this villain does not have a giant evil lair or an army of henchmen. What he does have is a psychopathic and insane mind filled with twisted ideas as well as a bit of genius. This villain is the Zodiac Killer one of Americas most infamous serial killers. The Zodiac was active between the sass's and sass's, in this time he took 37 victims in total but the the police only counted seven as definite victims.The Zodiac is like a typical cliche horror movie villain but before the Lech, this mysterious criminal was clever and quick. For years he taunted the police and media, what set him apart from the average day to day serial master mind were his letters. He sent a total of eighteen letters throughout his career If you can call It that, to newspapers mostly though some to private citizens. HIS letters and cryptic messages would always begin with ‘Dear Editor this Is the Zodiac speaking. ‘ He would demand for the letters to be published threatening to go on murderous rampages If they weren't.Way back in 1966 before anyone had ever heard of the Zodiac an 18 year old student named Cheerier Joy Bates was found brutally murdered near the Riverside City College's library complex. After disabling her car the believed to be Zodiac approached her asking if she needed a ride home home. The police determined the Zodiac must have had a personal connection with her as she was comfortable having a conversation and accepted the ride. Zodiac recorded this event in a letter titled ‘the confession' and sent it to the Riverside Police and the colleges newspaper.This was the first of many letters and confessions to come. In 1969 the Zodiac story had exploded into news, however the police only began to consider Zodiac as the culprit in 1970 after a meeting between two investigators. After this event there came more murders the police never really being able to pin point a culprit though Zodiac was always a suspicion they never h ad enough evidence to prove it was him guilty. The death of three young couples had left the police dumbfounded. After the murder of another young couple the police received a phone call from a telephone box.A voice spoke with no accent and was clear and even as if reading Off script, the voice reported a double murder as well as telling the police the location he added a confession of murdering the year before. This continued from 1966 till the early ox's. With no absolute evidence and forensic technology not being advanced enough the police could never pinpoint the killer so his Identity remains a mystery. Although there were a number of suspects and many people believe they know the Identity of the zodiac. Cliche, this mysterious criminal was clever and quick.For years he taunted the police is letters. He sent a total of eighteen letters throughout his career if you can call it that, to newspapers mostly though some to private citizens. His letters and cryptic messages would alwa ys begin with ‘Dear Editor this is the Zodiac speaking. ‘ He would demand for the letters to be published threatening to go on murderous rampages if even as if reading off a script, the voice reported a double murder as well as telling his identity remains a mystery. Although there were a number of suspects and many people believe they know the identity of the zodiac.

Impact Of Globalization And Gaming Anthropology Essay

Video game franchise has taken the universe by storm. It is design to trip human emotion by fulfilling one demand to kill, venting of defeat and choler. Video gambling is used to de-stress, educate and kill clip. Peoples would pass 100s of dollars in the gambling sector and this has make bet oning the primary platform of amusement and life style.1.2 Impact of globalisation and gamblingThe media has played the primary leader in re-shaping our hereafter by forming images on how things should be. Images shown on advertizement, commercials, the screens of magazine and newspaper prove to hold impact and stir up involvement among consumers. Thus, doing media ingestions as a signifier of manual for Life – A usher to populate your life Here, I am doing a typical connexion between the influences of the video game market, game production gross revenues, game demograph and planetary civilization. The major and taking participants in the gambling industry would be the U.S and Japan. Business competition has stir up due to many other states eager to acquire involve and follow the footfall of both large participants. This shows how of import picture gambling industry has become and how it conquers the centre phase of globalisation. It is predicted to posses a immense growing in approaching old ages. Statistics shows a steady yet gradual growing in the gambling sector from the twelvemonth 2002 – 2007 ( image 1.1 ) , catching other media market such as movie and music. Leading franchise, Mario, created in Japan, has yield over 200 games since original release day of the month back in 1981. Mario has so become the official mascot of Nintendo. With aid from the media, everyone from every corner of the universe will cognize who or what is Mario. It has turned itself planetary by its iconic representation of video game. A side from proficient statistics, market has showed typical tendencies. It is obvious how our male opposite number dominant the gambling market but what is more startling is the growing and impact of misss and adult female demoing involvement to this market over the recent old ages. ( Image 1.2 ) In late November, president of Nintendo America, Reggie Fils-Aime presented several informations points sketching the current gender dislocation of console drama in the U.S. Reggie estimations there are 45 million people playing video games as the primary participants in the U.S. Of those, Nintendo is gauging 26 % are female, or approximately 11.7 million. – Wanda Meloni, Gamasutra Factors such as on-line gambling and Personal computer gambling are the cardinal subscriber, particularly with the being of societal networking site such as Twitter and Facebook, Apart from your ordinary 2D-Planes of your computing machine screen, bet oning console took a spring in supplying both sharing and societal networking into their plans. Sharing films, images, music and gambling has ne'er been a zephyr while making it in the comfort of your ain life room. Such experiences have turn into a lifestyle and morphed itself into a planetary civilization. With tool like the Internet, people from all over the universe are able to pass on, portion and larn other civilizations. That is how the being of game production providing to certain civilization and state originate. It is apparent on the gambling box art. ( Image 1.3 )1.2 IssueDespite these positive activities stir up by the gambling market, there are still jobs that need to be addressed. Base on the research I have undergone, it is apparent how gamers or consumers are non cognizant of the approaching games. Surveies that I have done showed about 80 per centum of gamers surveyed are non cognizant of the latest games that are on gross revenues. ( Image 1.4 ) Ad of the games has proved to be unsuccessful. Alas, most consumers who were surveyed claimed they found out about new games releases through word of oral cavity or the Internet. Website such as Gamespot will demo hebdomadal game releases. ( Image 1.5 )2. Bet oning ExperienceYour bosom is crushing out of control ; your custodies are covered in blood, your eyes gazing directly at him, with your finger on the trigger. This is your concluding base, should you open fire? But he is a human being? Will he kill you? Or is this all a dream? The deafening sound of silence abrupt the surrounding, now its putting to death or be killed. You pull the trigger. He lay before you, dead. Before you know it, he easy fades into the background. He disappears. A typical scenario for every gamer who plays combat war game. The lone difference between world and practical world is the vacillation to kill a individual in a game. Virtual world has set emotions broad apart from world. One is more likely to kill a individual in a game comparison to a existent life event. Why has gambling eradicate every emotion in a individual when it comes to killing another participant? Well, the account is simple. No 1 dies in a game. Virtual world is design in a manner that it will feed off most of our emotions without us worrying what are the effects. Unlike world, bet oning allows participants to deliver back their error by re-starting the game. It fascinates me how game design has the ability to make antic ocular effects ; immersive artworks and beautiful environment that consumed one and allow gamers populate their character through computing machine games. Amazing how this planar bring forthing image Lashkar-e-Taiba users escape world and allow them populate a pseudo character. How or what about this traveling images allow us, gamers, experience this out of organic structure experience? How can something that is non physical enable and go forth a memorable marker of its beings in our head.2.1 Case StudyVirtual Guggenheim Museum designed Asymptote has designed a physical practical universe in a infinite. Challenged to interrupt free from the standard web site layout, Guggenheim requested a practical infinite to congratulate its striking New York Museum. Debut as â€Å" a perfect loanblend of electronic infinite and physical infinite † , Hani Rashid claims â€Å" practical infinites are designed with the same attending to detail as existent physical edifices † . The design inspiration comes from the thought of 3-dimensional spacial travelable infinite on the Internet and real-time synergistic elements located at assorted Guggenheim locations. Guggenheim Virtual Museum will be the first practical edifice of the twenty-first century to to the full demo the dealingss of art, infinite, commercialism and architecture. This practical museum will be an ideal infinite to convey art and experience through synergistic digital medium. Component such as the sound, image and dynamic fluid environment unlike any physical infinite are able to react to the way of the user without impeding its contents. As highlighted in image 2.2 and 2.3, galleries construction are wire-framed to underscore on transparence and opacity. This motion is base on where the viewing audiences move in the infinite Ultimately, designers think spatially and where there ‘s a spacial issue we ‘re the 1s trained historically to calculate out how to do people understand and experience the emotional, physical and artistic side of a infinite – Hani Rashid3. Planing Virtual World to RealityTime and infinite does non be in a game. Distance can non be measured and mass can non be weighed. The physical manifestation exists merely if we perceive it. Virtual world is a warped infinite. Through this, I am inspired to plan a lasting exhibition infinite in relation to the bet oning rhythm of life and decease. It is base on the dynamic motion in a game and sing planar visuals into 3-dimensional. This infinite will turn to the issue that was mentioned before ; Promoting and making consciousness to new game releases to the mass. Base on the definition of Utopia, both life and dead infinites will to the full exemplify the place of cloud nine. Some see decease as a Eden while other sees fear in decease. Imagine walking through a infinite that to the full depicts decease as a signifier of Utopia, a Eden and an unforsaken universe that detach itself from world. Walking through a dark narrow transition with nil but the shimmering star that brightens your manner. A journey cipher has of all time experience. A psychological journey that let users see decease in both euphoric and scaring province, far from tranquility. It is a fleeting journey that makes users of the infinite ponder and reflect upon their ain wellbeing The design attack is divided into three primary journey, world, life and decease. World is design to be grounded to the land in which illustrates how our lives are tie down to our beliefs. Life is depicted to be vibrating in between decease. While decease is describe as the reply to our full inquiry in life and world that were left unreciprocated. Death infinite is design to overview the whole infinite. Designs utilizing three manner planes, the planes are a representation of life, decease and world. It consist of lines overlapping each other, picturing how life, decease and world overlapping each other to organize and make dimensions, deepness, gravitation and volumes. All this planes will unify into one nucleus country that illustrates the gambling rhythm. The different hierarchy of infinites and planes creates a weaving journey that makes users move in and out of infinites.3.1 Life and Death Cycle Through DesignThe journey begins with two entrywaies that were place base on the human traffic waies. ( Image 4.1 ) As you walk through the narrow way of the dimly lighted surrounding, you are greeted by this monolithic, countrified metallic construction that seemed to be vibrating. Struck with wonder, you ca n't assist but to venture into this foreign, alienated infinite that awaits you. As you walk in through the narrow tunnel, you could hear the surrounding of the environment starts to hush down. Suddenly, the pleasant sound of silence hits you, the idea of a broken clock gives birth to tranquility and an flight from world you ‘ve been waiting for. It feels as if you are in a different universe where clip does non be. A long flight of glass stairway awaits you on the other terminal of the tunnel. ( Image 4.2 ) With unstable picking on the stairss, you climb the flight of stepss inquiring where it will take you excessively. The sight of the stairway seems eternal. You ne'er know what it is like to walk on glass. It feels as if you ‘re vibrating on the glass stairway as you see stranger mounting the stairway on the other side of the glass wall. ( Image 4.3 ) You stop mid-way through the journey as you feel the passage of infinite varies from where you were from. The environing becomes vast as you see the exterior environment of the infinite. Travel further up, you be greeted with a dark narrow infinite. You question your surrounding and it eventually struck you that you ‘re in a gambling environment. The metal countrified wall, the visible radiations, the intense bold feeling you get from the dimly lighted infinite that is clothed with pierced metal walls makes you experience as if you ‘re in a combat scientific discipline fiction game. From the perforated wall, you could see the people outside the infinite. Alas, the people from the other side of the wall could non see what is go oning in the infinite. As you bask into the environment and take a new control of your journey, you see another stairway. Wondering where it will travel, you decide to take the opportunity and continue down the stairss. As you place your terms, one pes at a clip, you realised you are detached from the pervious infinite. You are back to world. ( Image 4.5 ) It feels as if you ‘re taking a interruption from an alter world infinite and the determination for you to plunge back into gambling or acquire back to world is left unreciprocated in this infinite you are presently at. As you explore the infinite, you stumble upon another stairway hidden behind this monolithic construction, taking you to the land floor. You decide to continue down the stairway. You are back to world and continue on with your day-to-day life.4. DecisionAssorted positions on impact of globalisation and gambling have been presented. It shows how gaming can alter 1s civilization and behavior but finally, the bet oning experience one indulge in is nil comparison to world. It helps get away world for that spur minute. This Lashkar-e-Taiba one rejuvenate themselves and go on on with life, merely like how bet oning enable us to re-start a game when we failed to finish certain undertaking. This design will assist to make consciousness of the being of gambling and its impact on a physical base. Therefore, helps both gamers and production companies set up a more outstanding relationship with its consumers. It is non the feeling ; it is the experience that counts.